pinging is also known as predetonation. It's when the fuel/air mixture burns before it's supposed to, when the cylinder is still on it's way up. This can cause severe engine damage.
Upgrading your octane helps because the higher octane fuels take longer to burn.
Before I upgraded the octane, though, I'd start by checking the timing. If the timing is advanced too much, it can cause the same result.
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