Ever consider that maybe the effect of minimum wage is non-linear? Like most optimization problems there is a sweet spot for the minimum wage where it balances the needs of the people with the needs of the businesses. The argument is where is that sweet spot. Obviously the dems feel it is higher than we currently are and the republicans feel it is lower than we currently are.
Where the minimum wage should be is a very complex problem that no one understands completely because there are too many variables to measure and predict. The minimum wage may hurt one aspect of the economy while helping another. In this case the question comes down to is the tradeoff worth it. When you say why not just raise it to $20 an hour you are over simplifying the problem and incorrectly representing the democratic position on minimum wage.
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