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Genes are tricky to discuss. Some are dominant (if you have it it will always be the one used, like brown eyes) and some are recessive (you'll need a full set of that type for them to work, like blue eyes) and some work as a team. Height, for example, works with a few sets, if you have more for being tall you'll be tall if you have more for being short you'll be short, if you have a split you'll be medium height.
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There is also the replication thing.
Lets say some gene tends to repeat. So you'll get
ABABCDCDAB ABABCDCDAB ABABCDCDAB ABABCDCDAB ABABCDCDAB ABABCDCDAB
repeated some number of times.
The number of such repetitions varies alot between parent and child, even if the gene was inherited. Apparently the number of such repetitions can determine some inherited conditions.